x = 10

x

y= 20
y
x

for i in range(10):
    print(i)

x = 100

print(x)

x = [1,2,3]
x.append(4)
x = x* 2
print(x)

prices = {
    'pizza' : 45,
    'hamburger' : 59,
    'salad' : 33,
    'dessert' : 25,
    'soup' : 30,
    'pie' : 32
}

order = ['pizza', 'pizza', 'salad', 'dessert']

sum = 0
for item in order:
    sum+=prices[item]
print(sum)

sum( [prices[item] for item in order] )

i=0
while i<8:
    print(2**i)
    i+=1

for i in range(8):
    print(2**i)

newlist = []
for i in range(8):
    newitem = 2**i
    newlist.append(newitem)

newprices = { item : prices[item] * 2 for item in prices}
print(newprices)

prices.items()

item = ('pizza', 45)
name = item[0]
price = item[1]

name, price = ('pizza', 45)
print(name, price)

name2, price2 = item
print(name2, price2)

for name, price in prices.items():
     print(name, '-->>', price)
    

newprices = { name : price * 2 for name, price in prices.items()}
print(newprices)

order

order[2:]

order[:3]

order[::-1]

x = 10
y = x
x += 1
print(y)

x = [1,2,3]
y = x
x += [4]
print(y)

{
    1 :  []
}

{
    [] : 1
}

2/3

2//3

float(2)

list(range(10))

int("42")

str(42)

[]

[]

()

(2)

(1,2,3)

(1,2)

(1,)

1,

x = 10
y = 'blah'

z = x
x = y
y = x

x, y = y, x
print(x,y)

order

order[0]

order[1]

order[-1]

order[-2]

order[-2 + len(order)]

len(order)

order[-10]

order[-3:]

order

'hello ' * 3

[1] * 3

m = [ [ 0, 0, 0 ] ]* 3

m

m[0][0] = 99
print(m)

x = [1,2,3, 2, 1]
sorted(x)

x

x.sort()
print(x)

fruits = ['watermelon', 'apple', 'grapes', 'melon', 'peach', 'citrus']

sorted(fruits)

len

sorted(fruits, key=len)

prices = {
    'apple' : 20, 
    'melon' : 7, 
    'peach' : 12,
    'grapes' : 25,
    'watermelon' : 5,
    'citrus' : 5
}

def getprice(fruit):
    return prices[fruit]

sorted(fruits, key=getprice)

[1] < [2, 2]

[2] < [1, 1]

[2] < [10,1] 

[10, 2, 1000] < [10,100, 0] 

int

x = int

int = float

int(10)

type(10)

int = type(10)

a = len

a

len = 10

len("hello")

len = print

len("hello")

import math

math

x = math

x

del x

len = a

len('hello')

a = {"hello"}

a

a += {'hello', 'world' }

a = set()
x = """hello"""
a.update({x})
print(a)

a

x = 10

x < 20

x == [1,2,3]

bool(10)

bool(0)

bool([0])

bool([])

result = []

if result :
    print("got results")
else:
    print('failed | empty result | eof | eos')

bool(result)

score = 87
if score > 0 and score < 100:
    print('yes')

if 0<score<100<score**2< 10000:
    print('yes')

x = "hello"
y = "HELLO".lower()
z = "hel" + "lo"
x == y == z == 'moshe'

2 in [1,2,3]

0 in [1,2,3]

fruits

"melon" in fruits

"car" in fruits

"car" not in fruits

max

min

sum

all

any

all([1, [2], "3"])

all([1, [2], "3", 0])

all([1, [2], "3", ""])

fruits

prices

[ { 
    'name' : fruit, 
    'price' : prices[fruit], 
    '+vat' : prices[fruit]*1.17
  } 
    for fruit in fruits]

[ [fruit, prices[fruit]] for fruit in fruits if prices[fruit] <= 10]

def make_price_pair(fruit):
    return [fruit, prices[fruit]]

make_price_pair('melon')

list(map(make_price_pair, fruits))

[ [fruit, prices[fruit]] for fruit in fruits ]

def keep_cheap_fruits(fruit):
    return prices[fruit] <= 10

list(filter(keep_cheap_fruits, fruits))

[ [fruit, prices[fruit]] for fruit in fruits if prices[fruit] <= 10 and len(fruit)<= 5]

matrix = []
for i in range(1, 6):
    row = []
    matrix.append(row)
    for j in range(1, 11):
        row.append(i*j)

from pprint import pprint        
pprint(matrix)
    

[ [i*j for i in range(1, 6)] for j in range(1, 11) ]

matrix

[ matrix[i][j] for i in range(5) for j in range(10)]

list(map(len, fruits))

list(reversed(fruits))

enumerate(fruits)

range(10**12)

fruit_iterator = reversed(fruits)

next(fruit_iterator)

fruits

for fruit in reversed(fruits):
    print(fruit)

dir(fruit_iterator)

a = range(10)
b = a.__iter__()
next(b)

list(reversed(fruits))

song = """\
Lovely Spam! Wonderful Spam!
Lovely Spam! Wonderful Spam
Spa-a-a-a-a-a-a-am
Spa-a-a-a-a-a-a-am
Spa-a-a-a-a-a-a-am
Spa-a-a-a-a-a-a-am
Lovely Spam! (Lovely Spam!)
Lovely Spam! (Lovely Spam!)
Lovely Spam!
Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam!
"""

with open('spam.txt', 'w') as f:
    print(song, file=f)

import os
os.system('spam.txt')

fin = open('spam.txt')

next(fin)

next(fin)

for line in fin:
    print(line)

reduce

for line in open('spam.txt'):
    print(line)